Across Asia, governments are rushing to build up expertise to fight off cyber attacks, both for defense and offense. The region's military forces are being thrust into the front lines, even though cyberwarfare reaches behind conventional battlefields.

"Threats are dynamic and state actors are determined adversaries capable of sabotaging whole economies," Greg Austin told Nikkei Asian Review.

"Concerns about a cyber Pearl Harbor are receding," said Austin. "But I think we should start to look at what a 'cyber Fukushima' or a 'cyber Twin Towers' looks like."

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