EWI's Franz-Stefan Gady builds on David Kilcullen’s point that the West's heavy-handed intervention in Afghanistan created "the accidental guerilla," a person who fights for the simple reason that we are intruding in his daily life. He argues that Western strategists should realize that any attempt to influence insurgents with a "heart-and-mind campaign" can only achieve partial results because they are not addressing the root cause of the problem, i.e. the foreign military presence.